noun
a word which is...
kinds
common
proper
NOTE:

a name for a person, place, or thing

capitalized only at the beginning of a sentence
always capitalized
Proper nouns can be abstract or concrete.
Most are concrete.

bag, bull, house...
John, Peru, Lausanne, History

nature
concrete
abstract
pronoun
a word which...
kinds
personal
"possessive"
interrogative
relative
demonstrative
indefinite
verb
a word which...
kinds
transitive
active
passive
intransitive
linking
movement
other
adjective
a word which...
kinds
qualitative
quantitative
demonstrative
adverb
a word which...

refers to something with physical reality
refers to something without physical reality

table, air, head, flower, computer, dog
thought, love, history. kindness, stupidity

takes the place of a noun

I, you, him, her, it, us, their
mine, your, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
who?, which?, what?, whose?...
who, which, that, whose...
this, that, these, those
someone, anybody, none...

shows action, being, or state of being

can have a direct object
The subject acts on the object.
The subject is acted upon.
has no direct object

She ate the apple.
The apple was eaten by her.

I am cute. He became a teacher.
They went to Nepal.
She ate at 6 o'clock.

modifies a noun or a pronoun

shows a quality
shows a quantity
points at something

He's a fat person.
I've got six dogs.
This house is mine.

modifies a verb,
an adjective,
or another adverb

He ranfast .
She isquite nice.
He ranvery fast.

preposition
a word which is...
NOTE:

not a verb but which takes an object
Prepositional phrases act as adjectives or
adverbs

of, in, into, with, on...

conjunction
a word which...
kinds
coordinating
subordinating
NOTE1:

joins

similar parts of speech
subordinate clauses to principal clauses
Relative adverbs act as subordinating
conjunctions.
Subordinate clauses act as nouns, adverbs, or
adjectives.

and, or, but, nor
if, because, so that...
where, when, while...

NOTE2:

interjection
a word which...

shows emotion

Darn! Hogwash! My eye!